======================================================================= Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      PROGRAM GROUPIE                                                    Groupie

      VERSION 76-1 (NOVEMBER 1976)                                       Groupie

      VERSION 79-1 (OCTOBER 1979) CDC-7600 AND CRAY-1 VERSION.           Groupie

      VERSION 80-1 (MAY 1980) IBM, CDC AND CRAY VERSION                  Groupie

      VERSION 81-1 (JANUARY 1981) EXTENSION TO 3000 GROUPS               Groupie

      VERSION 81-2 (MARCH 1981) IMPROVED SPEED                           Groupie

      VERSION 81-3 (AUGUST 1981) BUILT-IN 1/E WEIGHTING SPECTRUM         Groupie

      VERSION 82-1 (JANUARY 1982) IMPROVED COMPUTER COMPATIBILITY        Groupie

      VERSION 83-1 (JANUARY 1983)*MAJOR RE-DESIGN.                       Groupie

                                 *ELIMINATED COMPUTER DEPENDENT CODING.  Groupie

                                 *NEW, MORE COMPATIBLE I/O UNIT NUMBERS. Groupie

                                 *NEW MULTI-BAND LIBRARY BINARY FORMAT.  Groupie

      VERSION 83-2 (OCTOBER 1983) ADDED OPTION TO ALLOW SIGMA-0 TO BE    Groupie

                                  DEFINED EITHER AS MULTIPLES OF         Groupie

                                  UNSHIELDED TOTAL CROSS SECTION IN EACH Groupie

                                  GROUP, OR POWERS OF 10 IN ALL GROUPS.  Groupie

      VERSION 84-1 (APRIL 1984)   ADDED MORE BUILT IN MULTIGROUP ENERGY  Groupie

                                  STRUCTURES.                            Groupie

      VERSION 85-1 (APRIL 1985)  *UPDATED FOR ENDF/B-VI FORMATS.         Groupie

                                 *SPECIAL I/O ROUTINES TO GUARANTEE      Groupie

                                  ACCURACY OF ENERGY.                    Groupie

                                 *DOUBLE PRECISION TREATMENT OF ENERGY   Groupie

                                  (REQUIRED FOR NARROW RESONANCES).      Groupie

                                 *MINIMUM TOTAL CROSS SECTION TREATMENT  Groupie

      VERSION 85-2 (AUGUST 1985) *FORTRAN-77/H VERSION                   Groupie

      VERSION 86-1 (JANUARY 1986)*ENDF/B-VI FORMAT                       Groupie

      VERSION 86-2 (JUNE 1986)   *BUILT-IN MAXWELLIAN, 1/E AND FISSION   Groupie

                                  WEIGHTING SPECTRUM.                    Groupie

      VERSION 88-1 (JULY 1988)   *OPTION...INTERNALLY DEFINE ALL I/O     Groupie

                                  FILE NAMES (SEE, SUBROUTINES FILIO1    Groupie

                                  FILIO2 FOR DETAILS).                   Groupie

                                 *IMPROVED BASED ON USER COMMENTS.       Groupie

      VERSION 89-1 (JANUARY 1989)*PSYCHOANALYZED BY PROGRAM FREUD TO     Groupie

                                  INSURE PROGRAM WILL NOT DO ANYTHING    Groupie

                                  CRAZY.                                 Groupie

                                 *UPDATED TO USE NEW PROGRAM CONVERT     Groupie

                                  KEYWORDS.                              Groupie

                                 *ADDED LIVERMORE CIVIC COMPILER         Groupie

                                  CONVENTIONS.                           Groupie

      VERSION 91-1 (JUNE 1991)   *INCREASED PAGE SIZE FROM 1002 TO 5010  Groupie

                                  POINTS                                 Groupie

                                 *UPDATED BASED ON USER COMMENTS         Groupie

                                 *ADDED FORTRAN SAVE OPTION              Groupie

                                 *COMPLETELY CONSISTENT ROUTINE TO READ  Groupie

                                  FLOATING POINT NUMBERS.                Groupie

      VERSION 92-1 (JANUARY 1992)*ADDED RESONANCE INTEGRAL CALCULATION - Groupie

                                  UNSHIELDED AND/OR SHIELDED - FOR       Groupie

                                  DETAILS SEE BELOW                      Groupie

                                 *INCREASED NUMBER OF ENERGY POINTS      Groupie

                                  IN BUILT-IN SPECTRA - TO IMPROVE       Groupie

                                  ACCURACY.                              Groupie

                                 *ALLOW SELECTION OF ZA/MF/MT OR         Groupie

                                  MAT/MF/MT RANGES - ALL DATA NOT        Groupie

                                  SELECTED IS SKIPPED ON INPUT AND       Groupie

                                  NOT WRITTEN AS OUTPUT.                 Groupie

                                 *COMPLETELY CONSISTENT I/O ROUTINES -   Groupie

                                  TO MINIMIZE COMPUTER DEPENDENCE.       Groupie

                                 *NOTE, CHANGES IN INPUT PARAMETER       Groupie

                                  FORMAT - FOR ZA/MF/MT OR MAT/MF/MT     Groupie

                                  RANGES.                                Groupie

      VERSION 92-2 (JUNE 1992)   *MULTIBAND PARAMETERS OUTOUT AS         Groupie

                                  CHARACTER (RATHER THAN BINARY) FILE.   Groupie

      VERSION 93-1 (APRIL 1993)  *INCREASED PAGE SIZE FROM 5010 TO       Groupie

                                  30000 POINTS                           Groupie

                                 *ELIMINATED COMPUTER DEPENDENCE.        Groupie

      VERSION 94-1 (JANUARY 1994)*VARIABLE ENDF/B DATA FILENAMES         Groupie

                                  TO ALLOW ACCESS TO FILE STRUCTURES     Groupie

                                  (WARNING - INPUT PARAMETER FORMAT      Groupie

                                  HAS BEEN CHANGED)                      Groupie

                                 *CLOSE ALL FILES BEFORE TERMINATING     Groupie

                                  (SEE, SUBROUTINE ENDIT)                Groupie

      VERSION 95-1 (JANUARY 1994)*CORRECTED MAXWELLIAN WEIGHTING         Groupie

                                 *CHANGING WEIGHTING SPECTRUM FROM       Groupie

                                  0.1 TO 0.001 % UNCERTAINTY             Groupie

      VERSION 96-1 (JANUARY 1996) *COMPLETE RE-WRITE                     Groupie

                                  *IMPROVED COMPUTER INDEPENDENCE        Groupie

                                  *ALL DOUBLE PRECISION                  Groupie

                                  *ON SCREEN OUTPUT                      Groupie

                                  *UNIFORM TREATMENT OF ENDF/B I/O       Groupie

                                  *IMPROVED OUTPUT PRECISION             Groupie

                                  *DEFINED SCRATCH FILE NAMES            Groupie

                                  *UP TO 1000 GROUP MULTI-BAND           Groupie

                                   CALCULATION (PREVIOUSLY 175)          Groupie

                                  *MAXIMUM NUMBER OF GROUPS REDUCED      Groupie

                                   FROM 3,000 TO 1,000                   Groupie

                                  *UP TO 1000 MATERIALS                  Groupie

                                   (PREVIOUSLY 100)                      Groupie

                                  *CORRECTED USE OF MAXWELLIAN +         Groupie

                                   1/E + FISSION SPECTRUM                Groupie

                                  *ONLY 2 BAND VERSION DISTRIBUTED       Groupie

                                   (CONTACT AUTHOR FOR DETAILS)          Groupie

                                  *DEFINED SCRATCH FILE NAMES            Groupie

      VERSION 99-1 (MARCH 1999)   *CORRECTED CHARACTER TO FLOATING       Groupie

                                   POINT READ FOR MORE DIGITS            Groupie

                                  *UPDATED TEST FOR ENDF/B FORMAT        Groupie

                                   VERSION BASED ON RECENT FORMAT CHANGE Groupie

                                  *GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS BASED ON         Groupie

                                   USER FEEDBACK                         Groupie

      VERSION 99-2 (JUNE 1999)    *ASSUME ENDF/B-VI, NOT V, IF MISSING   Groupie

                                   MF=1, MT-451.                         Groupie

      VERS. 2000-1 (FEBRUARY 2000)*ADDED MF=10, ACTIVATION CROSS SECTION Groupie

                                   PROCESSING.                           Groupie

                                  *GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS BASED ON         Groupie

                                   USER FEEDBACK                         Groupie

      VERS. 2002-1 (FEBRUARY 2002)*ADDED TART 700 GROUP STRUCTURE        Groupie

                                  *ADDED VARIABLE SIGMA0 INPUT OPTION    Groupie

                   (MAY 2002)     *OPTIONAL INPUT PARAMETERS             Groupie

                   (NOV. 2002)    *ADDED SAND-II EXTENDED DOWN TO        Groupie

                                   1.0E-5 EV.                            Groupie

                   (JUNE 2003)    *CORRECTED SAND-II 620 AND 640 GROUP   Groupie

                                   ENERGY BOUNDARIES DEFINITIONS.        Groupie

      VERS. 2004-1 (SEPT. 2004)  *INCREASED PAGE SIZE FROM 30000 TO      Groupie

                                  120000 POINTS                          Groupie

                                 *ADDED "OTHER" AS ADDITIONAL REACTION   Groupie

                                  TO IMPROVE MULTI-BAND FITTING          Groupie

                                 *ADDED ITERATION FOR "BEST" PARTIAL     Groupie

                                  PARAMETERS.                            Groupie

                                 *DO NOT SKIP LOW TOTAL ENERGY RANGES    Groupie

                                  WHEN DEFINING AVERAGE CROSS SECTIONS - Groupie

                                  THIS MAKES OUTPUT COMPATIBLE WITH      Groupie

                                  ANY STANDARD AVERAGING PROCEDURE       Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      OWNED, MAINTAINED AND DISTRIBUTED BY                               Groupie

      ------------------------------------                               Groupie

      THE NUCLEAR DATA SECTION                                           Groupie

      INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY                                 Groupie

      P.O. BOX 100                                                       Groupie

      A-1400, VIENNA, AUSTRIA                                            Groupie

      EUROPE                                                             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ORIGINALLY WRITTEN BY                                              Groupie

      ------------------------------------                               Groupie

      DERMOTT E. CULLEN                                                  Groupie

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA                                           Groupie

      LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY                             Groupie

      L-159                                                              Groupie

      P.O. BOX 808                                                       Groupie

      LIVERMORE, CA 94550                                                Groupie

      U.S.A.                                                             Groupie

      TELEPHONE  925-423-7359                                            Groupie

      E. MAIL    CULLEN1@LLNL.GOV                                        Groupie

      WEBSITE    HTTP://WWW.LLNL.GOV/CULLEN1                             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      AUTHORS MESSAGE                                                    Groupie

      ---------------                                                    Groupie

      THE REPORT DESCRIBED ABOVE IS THE LATEST PUBLISHED DOCUMENTATION   Groupie

      FOR THIS PROGRAM. HOWEVER, THE COMMENTS BELOW SHOULD BE CONSIDERED Groupie

      THE LATEST DOCUMENTATION INCLUDING ALL RECENT IMPROVEMENTS. PLEASE Groupie

      READ ALL OF THESE COMMENTS BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION, PARTICULARLY     Groupie

      THE COMMENTS CONCERNING MACHINE DEPENDENT CODING.                  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      AT THE PRESENT TIME WE ARE ATTEMPTING TO DEVELOP A SET OF COMPUTER Groupie

      INDEPENDENT PROGRAMS THAT CAN EASILY BE IMPLEMENTED ON ANY ONE     Groupie

      OF A WIDE VARIETY OF COMPUTERS. IN ORDER TO ASSIST IN THIS PROJECT Groupie

      IT WOULD BE APPECIATED IF YOU WOULD NOTIFY THE AUTHOR OF ANY       Groupie

      COMPILER DIAGNOSTICS, OPERATING PROBLEMS OR SUGGESTIONS ON HOW TO  Groupie

      IMPROVE THIS PROGRAM. HOPEFULLY, IN THIS WAY FUTURE VERSIONS OF    Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM WILL BE COMPLETELY COMPATIBLE FOR USE ON YOUR         Groupie

      COMPUTER.                                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      PURPOSE                                                            Groupie

      -------                                                            Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO CALCULATE ANY COMBINATION OF           Groupie

      THE FOLLOWING QUANTITIES FROM LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE TABULATED      Groupie

      CROSS SECTIONS IN THE ENDF/B FORMAT                                Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      (1) UNSHIELDED GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS                       Groupie

      (2) BONDARENKO SELF-SHIELDED GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS         Groupie

      (3) MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      IN THE FOLLOWING FOR SIMPLICITY THE ENDF/B TERMINOLOGY--ENDF/B     Groupie

      TAPE--WILL BE USED. IN FACT THE ACTUAL MEDIUM MAY BE TAPE, CARDS,  Groupie

      DISK OR ANY OTHER MEDIUM.                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ENDF/B FORMAT                                                      Groupie

      -------------                                                      Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM ONLY USES THE ENDF/B BCD OR CARD IMAGE FORMAT (AS     Groupie

      OPPOSED TO THE BINARY FORMAT) AND CAN HANDLE DATA IN ANY VERSION   Groupie

      OF THE ENDF/B FORMAT (I.E., ENDF/B-I, II,III, IV OR V FORMAT).     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE DATA IS CORRECTLY CODED IN THE ENDF/B       Groupie

      FORMAT AND NO ERROR CHECKING IS PERFORMED. IN PARTICULAR IT IS     Groupie

      ASSUMED THAT THE MAT, MF AND MT ON EACH CARD IS CORRECT. SEQUENCE  Groupie

      NUMBERS (COLUMNS 76-80) ARE IGNORED ON INPUT, BUT WILL BE          Groupie

      CORRECTLY OUTPUT ON ALL CARDS. THE FORMAT OF SECTION MF=1, MT=451  Groupie

      AND ALL SECTIONS OF MF= 3 MUST BE CORRECT. THE PROGRAM COPIES ALL  Groupie

      OTHER SECTION OF DATA AS HOLLERITH AND AS SUCH IS INSENSITIVE TO   Groupie

      THE CORRECTNESS OR INCORRECTNESS OF ALL OTHER SECTIONS.            Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ALL FILE 3 CROSS SECTIONS THAT ARE USED BY THIS PROGRAM MUST BE    Groupie

      LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE IN ENERGY AND CROSS SECTION (ENDF/B          Groupie

      INTERPOLATION LAW 2). FILE 3 BACKGROUND CROSS SECTIONS MAY BE MADE Groupie

      LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE USING PROGRAM LINEAR (UCRL-50400, VOL. 17,   Groupie

      PART A). THE RESONANCE CONTRIBUTION MAY BE ADDED TO THE BACKGROUND Groupie

      CROSS SECTIONS USING PROGRAM RECENT (UCRL-50400, VOL. 17, PART B). Groupie

      IF THIS PROGRAM FINDS THAT THE FILE 3 CROSS SECTIONS ARE NOT       Groupie

      LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE THIS PROGRAM WILL TERMINATE EXECUTION.       Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      CONTENTS OF OUTPUT                                                 Groupie

      ------------------                                                 Groupie

      IF ENDF/B FORMATTED OUTPUT IS REQUESTED ENTIRE EVALUATIONS ARE     Groupie

      OUTPUT, NOT JUST THE MULTI-GROUPED FILE 3 CROSS SECTIONS, E.G.     Groupie

      ANGULAR AND ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS ARE ALSO INCLUDED.                Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      DOCUMENTATION                                                      Groupie

      -------------                                                      Groupie

      THE FACT THAT THIS PROGRAM HAS OPERATED ON THE DATA IS DOCUMENTED  Groupie

      BY THE ADDITION OF THREE COMMENT CARDS AT THE END OF EACH          Groupie

      HOLLERITH SECTION TO DESCRIBE THE GROUP STRUCTURE AND WEIGHTING    Groupie

      SPECTRUM, E.G.                                                     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ********************** PROGRAM GROUPIE (2004-1) ***************    Groupie

      UNSHIELDED GROUP AVERAGES USING   69 GROUPS (WIMS)                 Groupie

      MAXWELLIAN, 1/E AND FISSION WEIGHTING SPECTRUM                     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE ORDER OF ALL SIMILAR COMMENTS (FROM LINEAR, RECENT AND SIGMA1) Groupie

      REPRESENTS A COMPLETE HISTORY OF ALL OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON       Groupie

      THE DATA.                                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THESE COMMENT CARDS ARE ONLY ADDED TO EXISTING HOLLERITH SECTIONS, Groupie

      I.E., THIS PROGRAM WILL NOT CREATE A HOLLERITH SECTION. THE FORMAT Groupie

      OF THE HOLLERITH SECTION IN ENDF/B-V DIFFERS FROM THE THAT OF      Groupie

      EARLIER VERSIONS OF ENDF/B. BY READING AN EXISTING MF=1, MT=451    Groupie

      IT IS POSSIBLE FOR THIS PROGRAM TO DETERMINE WHICH VERSION OF      Groupie

      THE ENDF/B FORMAT THE DATA IS IN. WITHOUT HAVING A SECTION OF      Groupie

      MF=1, MT=451 PRESENT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR THIS PROGRAM TO          Groupie

      DETERMINE WHICH VERSION OF THE ENDF/B FORMAT THE DATA IS IN, AND   Groupie

      AS SUCH IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE PROGRAM TO DETERMINE WHAT FORMAT  Groupie

      SHOULD BE USED TO CREATE A HOLLERITH SECTION.                      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      REACTION INDEX                                                     Groupie

      --------------                                                     Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM DOES NOT USE THE REACTION INDEX WHICH IS GIVEN IN     Groupie

      SECTION MF=1, MT=451 OF EACH EVALUATION.                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM DOES NOT UPDATE THE REACTION INDEX IN MF=1, MT=451.   Groupie

      THIS CONVENTION HAS BEEN ADOPTED BECAUSE MOST USERS DO NOT         Groupie

      REQUIRE A CORRECT REACTION INDEX FOR THEIR APPLICATIONS AND IT WAS Groupie

      NOT CONSIDERED WORTHWHILE TO INCLUDE THE OVERHEAD OF CONSTRUCTING  Groupie

      A CORRECT REACTION INDEX IN THIS PROGRAM. HOWEVER, IF YOU REQUIRE  Groupie

      A REACTION INDEX FOR YOUR APPLICATIONS, AFTER RUNNING THIS PROGRAM Groupie

      YOU MAY USE PROGRAM DICTIN TO CREATE A CORRECT REACTION INDEX.     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      SECTION SIZE                                                       Groupie

      ------------                                                       Groupie

      SINCE THIS PROGRAM USES A LOGICAL PAGING SYSTEM THERE IS NO LIMIT  Groupie

      TO THE NUMBER OF POINTS IN ANY SECTION, E.G., THE TOTAL CROSS      Groupie

      SECTION MAY BE REPRESENTED BY 200,000 DATA POINTS.                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      SELECTION OF DATA                                                  Groupie

      -----------------                                                  Groupie

      THE PROGRAM SELECTS MATERIALS TO BE PROCESSED BASED EITHER ON      Groupie

      MAT (ENDF/B MAT NO.) OR ZA. THE PROGRAM ALLOWS UP TO 100 MAT OR    Groupie

      ZA RANGES TO BE SPECIFIED. THE PROGRAM WILL ASSUME THAT THE        Groupie

      ENDF/B TAPE IS IN EITHER MAT OR ZA ORDER, WHICHEVER CRITERIA IS    Groupie

      USED TO SELECT MATERIALS, AND WILL TERMINATE WHEN A MAT OR ZA      Groupie

      IS FOUND THAT IS ABOVE THE RANGE OF ALL REQUESTS.                  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ENERGY ORDER AND UNITS                                             Groupie

      ----------------------                                             Groupie

      ALL ENERGIES (FOR CROSS SECTIONS, WEIGHTING SPECTRUM OR GROUP      Groupie

      BOUNDARIES) MUST BE IN UNITS OF EV AND MUST BE IN ASCENDING        Groupie

      NUMERICAL ORDER.                                                   Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ENERGY GRID                                                        Groupie

      -----------                                                        Groupie

      ALTHOUGH ALL REACTIONS MUST TO LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE, THEY DO NOT  Groupie

      ALL HAVE TO USE THE SAME ENERGY GRID. EACH REACTION CAN BE GIVEN   Groupie

      BY AN INDEPENDENT ENERGY GRID. THIS PROGRAM WILL PROCEED FROM      Groupie

      THE LOWEST TO HIGHEST ENERGY SELECTING EACH ENERGY INTERVAL OVER   Groupie

      WHICH ALL DATA, FOR ANY GIVEN CALCULATION, ARE ALL LINEARLY        Groupie

      INTERPOLABLE.                                                      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      GROUP STRUCTURE                                                    Groupie

      ---------------                                                    Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO USE AN ARBITRARY ENERGY GROUP          Groupie

      STRUCTURE WHERE THE ENERGIES ARE IN EV AND ARE IN INCREASING       Groupie

      ENERGY ORDER. THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF GROUPS IS 1000.                Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE USER MAY INPUT AN ARBITRARY GROUP STRUCTURE OR THE USER MAY    Groupie

      USE USE ONE OF THE SEVEN BUILT-IN GROUP STRUCTURES.                Groupie

      (0) 175 GROUP (TART STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

      (1)  50 GROUP (ORNL STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

      (2) 126 GROUP (ORNL STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

      (3) 171 GROUP (ORNL STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

      (4) 620 GROUP (SAND-II STRUCTURE, UP TO 18 MEV)                    Groupie

      (5) 640 GROUP (SAND-II STRUCTURE, UP TO 20 MEV)                    Groupie

      (6)  69 GROUP (WIMS STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

      (7)  68 GROUP (GAM-I STRUCTURE)                                    Groupie

      (8)  99 GROUP (GAM-II STRUCTURE)                                   Groupie

      (9)  54 GROUP (MUFT STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

     (10)  28 GROUP (ABBN STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

     (11) 650 GROUP (TART STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

     (12) 700 GROUP (TART STRUCTURE)                                     Groupie

     (13) 665 GROUP (SAND-II STRUCTURE, 1.0e-5 eV, UP TO 18 MEV)         Groupie

     (14) 685 GROUP (SAND-II STRUCTURE, 1.0e-5 eV, UP TO 20 MEV)         Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      GROUP AVERAGES                                                     Groupie

      --------------                                                     Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM DEFINES GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS AS...           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

                (INTEGRAL E1 TO E2) (SIGMA(E)*S(E)*WT(E)*DE)             Groupie

      AVERAGE = -----------------------------------------                Groupie

                (INTEGRAL E1 TO E2) (S(E)*WT(E)*DE)                      Groupie

      WHERE...                                                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      AVERAGE  = GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTION                            Groupie

      E1, E2   = ENERGY LIMITS OF THE GROUP                              Groupie

      SIGMA(E) = ENERGY DEPENDENT CROSS SECTION FOR ANY GIVEN REACTION   Groupie

      S(E)     = ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM                     Groupie

      WT(E)    = ENERGY DEPENDENT SELF-SHIELDING FACTOR.                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM                                Groupie

      -----------------------------------                                Groupie

      THE ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM IS GIVEN BY AN ARBITRARY   Groupie

      TABULATED LINERLY INTERPOLABLE FUNCTION WHICH CAN BE DESCRIBED     Groupie

      BY AN ARBITRARY NUMBER OF POINTS. THIS ALLOWS THE USER TO          Groupie

      SPECIFY ANY DESIRED WEIGHTING SPECTRUM TO ANY GIVEN DEGREE OF      Groupie

      ACCURACY. REMEMBER THAT THE PROGRAM WILL ASSUME THAT THE SPECTRUM  Groupie

      IS LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE BETWEEN TABULATED POINTS. THEREFORE THE   Groupie

      USER SHOULD USE ENOUGH POINTS TO INSURE AN ADEQUATE REPRESENTATION Groupie

      OF THE SPECTRUM BETWEEN TABULATED DATA POINTS.                     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE PRESENT VERSION OF THE CODE HAS THREE BULIT-IN WEIGHTING       Groupie

      SPECTRA,                                                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      (1) CONSTANT                                                       Groupie

      (2) 1/E                                                            Groupie

      (3) MAXWELLIAN = E*EXP(-E/KT)/KT                (0.0 TO 4*KT)      Groupie

          1/E        = C1/E                           (4*KT TO 67 KEV)   Groupie

          FISSION    = C2*EXP(-E/WA)*SINH(SQRT(E*WB)) (ABOVE 67 KEV)     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

          KT     = 0.253 EV (293 KELVIN)                                 Groupie

          WA     = 9.65E+5                                               Groupie

          WB     = 2.29E-6                                               Groupie

          C1, C2 = DEFINED TO MAKE SPECTRUM CONTINUOUS                   Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

          FISSION SPECTRUM CONSTANTS FROM                                Groupie

          A.F.HENRY, NUCLEAR REACTOR ANALYSIS, P. 11, MIT PRESS (1975)   Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      UNSHIELDED GROUP AVERAGES                                          Groupie

      -------------------------                                          Groupie

      FOR UNSHIELDED AVERAGES THE SELF-SHIELDING FACTOR (WT(E)) IS SET   Groupie

      TO UNITY. THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS UP TO 1000 GROUPS.                   Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      SELF-SHIELDED GROUP AVERAGES                                       Groupie

      ----------------------------                                       Groupie

      IF SELF-SHIELDED AVERAGES AND/OR MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS ARE         Groupie

      CALCULATED THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS UP TO 1000 GROUPS. SELF-SHIELDED    Groupie

      AVERAGES AND/OR MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS ARE CALCULATED FOR THE       Groupie

      TOTAL, ELASTIC, CAPTURE AND FISSION.                               Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FOR THE TOTAL, ELASTIC, CAPTURE AND FISSION THE PROGRAM USES A     Groupie

      WEIGHTING FUNCTION THAT IS A PRODUCT OF THE ENERGY DEPENDENT       Groupie

      WEIGHTING SPECTRUM TIMES A BONDERENKO TYPE SELF-SHIELDING FACTOR.  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      WT(E) = S(E)/(TOTAL(E)+SIGMA0)**N                                  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      WHERE...                                                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      S(E)     - ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM (DEFINED BY         Groupie

                 TABULATED VALUES AND LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN       Groupie

                 TABULATED VALUES).                                      Groupie

      TOTAL(E) - ENERGY DEPENDENT TOTAL CROSS SECTION FOR ONE MATERIAL   Groupie

                 (DEFINED BY TABULATED VALUES AND LINEAR INTERPOLATION   Groupie

                 BETWEEN TABULATED VALUES).                              Groupie

      SIGMA0   - CROSS SECTION TO REPRESENT THE EFFECT OF ALL OTHER      Groupie

                 MATERIALS AND LEAKAGE (DEFINED WITHIN EACH GROUP TO BE  Groupie

                 A MULTIPLE OF THE UNSHIELDED TOTAL CROSS SECTION WITHIN Groupie

                 THAT GROUP OR POWERS OF 10 - INPUT OPTION).             Groupie

      N        - A POSITIVE INTEGER (0, 1, 2 OR 3).                      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE PROGRAM WILL USE ONE ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM S(E)  Groupie

      AND 25 DIFFERENT BONDERENKO TYPE SELF-SHIELDING FACTORS (25 SIGMA0 Groupie

      AND N COMBINATIONS) TO DEFINE 25 DIFFERENT AVERAGE CROSS SECTIONS, Groupie

      FOR EACH REACTION, WITHIN EACH GROUP.                              Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE 25 WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS USED ARE....                            Groupie

      (1)   - UNSHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS (N=0)                            Groupie

      (2-22)- PARTIALLY SHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS (N=1 ,VARIOUS SIGMA0)    Groupie

              THE VALUES OF SIGMA0 USED WILL BE EITHER,                  Groupie

              (A) THE VALUES OF SIGMA0 THAT ARE USED VARY FROM 1024      Groupie

              TIMES THE UNSHIELDED TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS IN STEPS OF 1/2  Groupie

              DOWN TO 1/1024 TIMES THE UNSHIELDED TOTAL CROSS SECTION    Groupie

              (A RANGE OF OVER 1 MILLION, CENTERED ON THE UNSHIELDED     Groupie

              TOTAL CROSS SECTION WITHIN EACH GROUP).                    Groupie

              (B) THE SAME CONSTANT VALUES OF SIGMA0 IN EACH GROUP. THE  Groupie

              VALUES OF SIGMA0 USED INCLUDE 40000, 20000, 10000, 7000,   Groupie

              4000, 2000, 1000, 700, 400, 200, 100, 70, 40, 20, 10, 7,   Groupie

              4, 2, 1, 0.7, 0.4 (A RANGE OF 100,000 SPANNING MORE THAN   Groupie

              THE RANGE OF SIGMA0 VALUES THAT MAY BE ENCOUNTERED IN      Groupie

              ACTUAL APPLICATIONS)                                       Groupie

      (23)  - TOTALLY SHIELDED FLUX WEIGHTED CROSS SECTION               Groupie

              (N=1, SIGMA0=0)                                            Groupie

      (24)  - TOTALLY SHIELDED CURRENT WEIGHTED CROSS SECTION            Groupie

              (N=2, SIGMA0=0)                                            Groupie

      (25)  - TOTALLY SHIELDED COSINE SQUARED WEIGHTED CROSS SECTION     Groupie

              (N=3, SIGMA0=0)                                            Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FOR ALL OTHER REACTIONS (EXCEPT TOTAL, ELASTIC, CAPTURE AND        Groupie

      FISSION) THE PROGRAM WILL USE THE ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING       Groupie

      SPECTRUM S(E) TO DEFINE THE UNSHIELDED (BONDERENKO N=0)            Groupie

      AVERAGED CROSS SECTION WITHIN EACH GROUP.                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      CALCULATION OF RESONANCE INTEGRALS                                 Groupie

      ----------------------------------                                 Groupie

      IN A PURE ELASTIC ISOTROPICALLY SCATTERING MATERIAL WITH A         Groupie

      CONSTANT CROSS SECTION THE SPECTRUM WILL BE 1/E AND THERE WILL     Groupie

      BE NO SELF-SHIELDING.                                              Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      IN THIS CASE IF THE CROSS SECTION VARIES WITH ENERGY THE           Groupie

      SPECTRUM WILL STILL BE 1/E AND THE SELF-SHIELDING FACTOR WILL      Groupie

      BE EXACTLY 1/SIG-TOT(E) - WHERE SIG-TOT(E) = SIG-EL(E), SINCE      Groupie

      THERE IS ONLY SCATTERING.                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      IF WE HAVE AN INFINITELY DILUTE AMOUNT OF A MATERIAL UNIFORMLY     Groupie

      MIXED WITH A PURE ELASTIC ISOTROPICALLY SCATTERING MATERIAL WITH   Groupie

      A CONSTANT CROSS SECTION THE STANDARD DEFINITION OF THE RESONANCE  Groupie

      INTEGRAL CAN BE USED TO DEFINE REACTION RATES FOR EACH REACTION.   Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE RESONANCE INTEGRAL IS DEFINED AS,                              Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      RI      = (INTEGRAL E1 TO E2) (SIGMA(E)*S(E)*WT(E)*DE)             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      WHERE NORMALLY,                                                    Groupie

      S(E)    = 1/E                                                      Groupie

      WT(E)   = 1    - NO SELF-SHIELDING                                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FROM THE ABOVE DEFINITION OF GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS THE     Groupie

      RESONANCE INTEGRAL IS,                                             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      RI      = AVERAGE * (INTEGRAL E1 TO E2) (S(E)*WT(E)*DE)            Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FOR A 1/E SPECTRUM AND NO SELF-SHIELDING THIS REDUCES TO,          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      RI      = AVERAGE* LOG(E2/E1)                                      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      IN ANY OTHER SITUATION, INCLUDING ABSORPTION AND/OR ENERGY         Groupie

      DEPENDENT CROSS SECTIONS, THE SPECTRUM WILL NOT BE 1/E -           Groupie

      ABSORPTION WILL TEND TO DECREASE THE SPECTRUM PROGRESSIVELY        Groupie

      MORE AT LOWER ENERGIES - ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF THE CROSS SECTION    Groupie

      WILL LEAD TO SELF-SHIELDING.                                       Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      HERE WE WILL NOT ATTEMPT TO PERFORM A DETAILED SPECTRUM            Groupie

      CALCULATION TO ACCOUNT FOR ABSORPTION.                             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      HOWEVER, WE WILL EXTEND THE DEFINITION OF THE RESONANCE INTEGRAL   Groupie

      TO ACCOUNT FOR SELF-SHIELDING EFFECTS BY ALLOWING FOR INCLUSION    Groupie

      OF SELF-SHIELDING EFFECTS IN THE DEFINITION OF GROUP AVERAGES      Groupie

      AND THEN DEFINING THE RESONANCE INTEGRAL AS,                       Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      RI      = AVERAGE* LOG(E2/E1)                                      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      IN ORDER TO CALCULATE RESONANCE INTEGRALS YOU MUST FOLLOW THESE    Groupie

      STEPS,                                                             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      1) SELECT A 1/E SPECTRUM - ON FIRST LINE OF INPUT PARAMETERS.      Groupie

      2) SELECT THE ENERGY BOUNDARIES - NORMALLY ONLY 1 GROUP FROM       Groupie

         0.5 EV UP TO 20 MEV - HOWEVER, YOU ARE FREE TO SELECT ANY       Groupie

         ENERGY RANGE THAT YOU WISH - YOU MAY EVEN SELECT MORE THAN      Groupie

         1 GROUP MERELY BY SPECIFYING MORE THAN 1 GROUP AS INPUT -       Groupie

         THIS CAN BE USED TO DEFINE THE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RESONANCE   Groupie

         INTEGRAL FROM INDIVIDUAL ENERGY RANGES.                         Groupie

      3) SELECT THIS OPTION FOR THE UNSHIELDED AND/OR SHIELDED OUTPUT    Groupie

         LISTING - ON THE SECOND LINE OF INPUT PARAMETERS.               Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      WHEN THIS OPTION IS USED THE PROGRAM WILL CALCULATE GROUP AVERAGED Groupie

      CROSS SECTIONS - AS DEFINED ABOVE - PRIOR TO OUTPUT THE RESULTS    Groupie

      WILL MERELY BE MULTIPLIED BY THE WIDTH OF THE GROUP ASSUMING YOU   Groupie

      HAVE SELECTED A 1/E SPECTRUM - THERE IS NO CHECK ON THIS - THE     Groupie

      PROGRAM MERELY MULTIPLIES THE GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS BY,    Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      LOG(E2/E1) - WHERE E2 AND E1 ARE THE GROUP ENERGY BOUNDARIES.      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      WARNING - IT IS UP TO YOU TO INSURE THAT YOU FOLLOW EXACTLY THE    Groupie

                STEPS OUTLINED ABOVE IF YOU WISH TO OBTAIN MEANINGFUL    Groupie

                RESULTS.                                                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      NOTE - OUTPUT IN THE ENDF/B FORMAT IS ALWAYS GROUP AVERAGED CROSS  Groupie

             SECTIONS, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU ASK FOR AVERAGED CROSS  Groupie

             SECTIONS OR RESONANCE INTEGRALS - THIS IS BECAUSE DATA IN   Groupie

             THE ENDF/B FORMAT IS EXPLICITLY DEFINED TO BE CROSS         Groupie

             SECTIONS.                                                   Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

             RESONANCE INTEGRAL OUTPUT CAN ONLY BE OBTAINED IN THE       Groupie

             LISTING FORMATS.                                            Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      MINIMUM TOTAL CROSS SECTION TREATMENT                              Groupie

      -------------------------------------                              Groupie

      SINCE THE BONDARENKO SELF-SHIELDING DEPENDS ON 1/TOTAL CROSS       Groupie

      SECTION, THE ALGORITHM WILL BECOME NUMERICALLY UNSTABLE IF THE     Groupie

      TOTAL CROSS SECTION IS NEGATIVE (AS OCCURS IN MANY ENDF/B          Groupie

      EVALUATIONS). IF THE TOTAL IS LESS THAN SOME MINIMUM ALLOWABLE     Groupie

      VALUE (DEFINE BY OKMIN, PRESENTLY 1 MILLI-BARN) AN ERROR MESSAGE   Groupie

      WILL BE PRINTED AND FOR THE SELF-SHIELDING CALCULATION ALL ENERGY  Groupie

      INTERVALS IN WHICH THE TOTAL IS LESS THAN THE MINIMUM WILL BE      Groupie

      IGNORED.                                                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      NOTE, FOR THE UNSHIELDED CALCULATIONS ALL CROSS SECTIONS WILL BE   Groupie

      CONSIDERED WHETHER THEY ARE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE. THEREFORE IF     Groupie

      THE TOTAL CROSS SECTION IS NEGATIVE OR LESS THAN THE MINIMUM       Groupie

      VALUE THERE MAY BE AN INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE UNSHIELDED AND     Groupie

      THE SELF-SHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS. IF THE TOTAL CROSS SECTION IS    Groupie

      NEGATIVE AND SELF-SHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS ARE CALCULATED THE       Groupie

      PROGRAM WILL PRINT AN ERROR MESSAGE INDICATING THAT THE SELF-      Groupie

      SHIELDED RESULTS ARE UNRELIABLE AND SHOULD NOT BE USED. THEREFORE  Groupie

      IN THIS CASE THE PROGRAM WILL NOT ATTEMPT TO MODIFY THE UNSHIELDED Groupie

      RESULTS TO ELIMINATE THE EFFECT OF NEGATIVE CROSS SECTIONS, SINCE  Groupie

      THE UNSHIELDED RESULTS ARE THE ONLY ONES WHICH TRULY REFLECT THE   Groupie

      ACTUAL INPUT.                                                      Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      RESOLVED RESONANCE REGION                                          Groupie

      -------------------------                                          Groupie

      IN THE RESOLVED RESONANCE REGION (ACTUALLY EVERYWHERE BUT IN THE   Groupie

      UNRESOLVED RESONANCE REGION) THE CROSS SECTIONS OUTPUT BY LINEAR-  Groupie

      RECENT-SIGMA1 WILL BE ACTUAL ENERGY DEPENDENT CROSS SECTIONS AND   Groupie

      THE CALCULATIONS BY THIS PROGRAM WILL YIELD ACTUAL SHIELDED AND    Groupie

      UNSHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS.                                         Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      UNRESOLVED RESONANCE REGION                                        Groupie

      ---------------------------                                        Groupie

      IN THE UNRESOLVED RESONANCE REGION PROGRAM RECENT USES THE         Groupie

      UNRESOLVED RESONANCE PARAMETERS TO CALCULATE INFINITELY DILUTE     Groupie

      AVERAGE CROSS SECTIONS. THIS PROGRAM WILL MERELY READ THIS         Groupie

      INFINITELY DILUTE DATA AS IF IT WERE ENERGY DEPENDENT DATA AND     Groupie

      GROUP AVERAGE IT. AS SUCH THIS PROGRAM WILL PRODUCE THE CORRECT    Groupie

      UNSHIELDED CROSS SECTION IN THE UNRESOLVED RESONANCE REGION, BUT   Groupie

      IT WILL NOT PRODUCE THE CORRECT SELF-SHIELDING EFFECTS.            Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ACCURACY OF RESULTS                                                Groupie

      -------------------                                                Groupie

      ALL INTEGRALS ARE PERFORMED ANALYTICALLY. THEREFORE NO ERROR IS    Groupie

      INTRODUCED DUE TO THE USE OF TRAPAZOIDAL OR OTHER INTEGRATION      Groupie

      SCHEME. THE TOTAL ERROR THAT CAN BE ASSIGNED TO THE RESULTING      Groupie

      AVERAGES IS JUST THAT DUE TO THE ERROR IN THE CROSS SECTIONS       Groupie

      AND ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM. GENERALLY SINCE THE       Groupie

      THE ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM APPEARS IN BOTH THE        Groupie

      NUMERATOR AND THE DENOMINATOR THE AVERAGES RAPIDLY BECOME          Groupie

      INSENSITIVE TO THE WEIGHTING SPECTRUM AS MORE GROUPS ARE USED.     Groupie

      SINCE THE WEIGHTING SPECTRUM IS LOADED IN THE PAGING SYSTEM THE    Groupie

      USER CAN DESCRIBE THE SPECTRUM TO ANY REQUIRED ACCURACY USING      Groupie

      ANY NUMBER OF ENERGY VS. SPECTRUM PAIRS.                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS                                              Groupie

      ---------------------                                              Groupie

      MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS ARE CALCULATED FOR THE TOTAL, ELASTIC,       Groupie

      CAPTURE AND FISSION REACTIONS. WITH THE NUMBER OF GROUPS THAT      Groupie

      ARE NORMALLY USED (SEE BUILT IN GROUP STRUCTURES) ALL OTHER        Groupie

      REACTIONS RESULT IN A NEGLIGABLE AMOUNT OF SELF-SHIELDING. AS      Groupie

      SUCH THEIR EQUIVALENT BAND CROSS SECTION WILL MERELY BE THEIR      Groupie

      UNSHIELDED VALUE WITHIN EACH BAND.                                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FOR ANY GIVEN EVALUATION, WITHIN ANY GIVEN GROUP THIS PROGRAM      Groupie

      WILL GENERATE THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF BANDS REQUIRED WITHIN THAT     Groupie

      GROUP. AS OUTPUT TO THE COMPUTER READABLE DISK FILE THE BAND       Groupie

      PARAMETERS FOR EACH EVALUATION WILL BE FORMATTED TO HAVE THE       Groupie

      SAME NUMBER OF BANDS IN ALL GROUPS (WITH ZERO WEIGHT FOR SOME      Groupie

      BANDS WITHIN ANY GROUP). THE USER MAY DECIDE TO HAVE OUTPUT        Groupie

      EITHER WITH THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF BANDS REQUIRED FOR EACH          Groupie

      EVALUATION (E.G. 2 BANDS FOR HYDROGEN AND 4 BANDS FOR U-233) OR    Groupie

      THE SAME NUMBER OF BANDS FOR ALL EVALUATIONS (E.G. 4 BANDS FOR     Groupie

      BOTH HYDROGEN AND U-233).                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FOR 2 OR FEWER BANDS THE PROGRAM USES AN ANALYTIC EXPRESSION       Groupie

      TO DEFINE ALL MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS. FOR MORE THAN 2 BANDS THE     Groupie

      PROGRAM PERFORMS A NON-LINEAR FIT TO SELECT THE MULTI-BAND         Groupie

      PARAMETERS THAT MINIMIZE THE MAXIMUM FRACTIONAL ERROR AT ANY       Groupie

      POINT ALONG THE ENTIRE SELF-SHIELDING CURVE. THE NUMBER OF BANDS   Groupie

      REQUIRED WITHIN ANY GIVEN GROUP IS DEFINED BY INSURING THAT THE    Groupie

      MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS CAN BE USED TO ACCURATELY DEFINE SELF-       Groupie

      SHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS ALONG THE ENTIRE SELF-SHIELDING CURVE      Groupie

      FROM SIGMA0 = 0 TO INFINITY. THE USER MAY DEFINE THE ACCURACY      Groupie

      REQUIRED.                                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      ENDF/B FORMATTED UNSHIELDED AVERAGES                               Groupie

      ------------------------------------                               Groupie

      UNSHIELDED MULTI-GROUP AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS FOR ALL REACTIONS   Groupie

      MAY BE OBTAINED IN THE ENDF/B FORTRAN IN EITHER HISTOGRAM          Groupie

      (INTERPOLATION LAW 1) OR LINEARLY INTERPOLABLE (INTERPOLATION      Groupie

      LAW 2) FORM. SEE INPUT BELOW FOR DETAILS.                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      MIXTURES OF MATERIALS AND RESONANCE OVERLAP                        Groupie

      -------------------------------------------                        Groupie

      THE SELF-SHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL CONSTITUENTS   Groupie

      OF ANY MIXTURE CAN BE CALCULATED BY THIS PROGRAM BY REALIZING THAT Groupie

      THIS PROGRAM ESSENTIALLY ONLY USES THE TOTAL CROSS SECTION AS A    Groupie

      WEIGHTING FUNCTION TO ACCOUNT FOR SELF-SHIELDING EFFECTS. FOR A    Groupie

      MIXTURE IT IS THEREFORE ONLY NECESSARY TO USE THE TOTAL CROSS      Groupie

      SECTION FOR THE MIXTURE IN PLACE OF THE ACTUAL TOTAL CROSS SECTION Groupie

      FOR EACH CONSTITUENT AND TO RUN THIS PROGRAM. THIS CAN BE DONE BY  Groupie

      FIRST RUNNING PROGRAM MIXER TO CALCULATE THE ENERGY DEPENDENT      Groupie

      TOTAL CROSS SECTION FOR ANY COMPOSITE MIXTURE. NEXT, SUBSTITUTE    Groupie

      THIS COMPOSITE TOTAL CROSS SECTION FOR THE ACTUAL TOTAL CROSS      Groupie

      SECTION OF EACH CONSTITUENT (IN EACH ENDF/B FORMATTED EVALUATION). Groupie

      FINALLY, RUN THIS PROGRAM TO CALCULATE THE SELF-SHIELDED CROSS     Groupie

      SECTION FOR EACH CONSTITUENT, PROPERLY ACCOUNTING FOR RESONANCE    Groupie

      OVERLAP BETWEEN THE RESONANCES OF ALL OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE   Groupie

      MIXTURE. DURING THE SAME RUN THESE SELF-SHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS    Groupie

      CAN IN TURN BE USED TO CALCULATE FULLY CORRELATED MULT-BAND        Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      MULTI-BAND PARAMETER OUTPUT FORMAT                                 Groupie

      ----------------------------------                                 Groupie

      FOR VERSIONS 92-2 AND LATER VERSIONS THE MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS     Groupie

      ARE OUTPUT IN A SIMPLE CHARACTER FORMAT, THAT CAN BE TRANSFERRED   Groupie

      AND USED ON VIRTUALLY ANY COMPUTER.                                Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE BINARY FORMAT USED IN EARLIER VERSIONS OF THIS CODE IS NO      Groupie

      LONGER USED.                                                       Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      CONTACT THE AUTHOR IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO RECEIVE A SIMPLE PROGRAM   Groupie

      TO READ THE CHARACTER FORMATTED MULTI-BAND PARAMETER FILE AND      Groupie

      CREATE A BINARY, RANDOM ACCESS FILE FOR USE ON VIRTUALLY ANY       Groupie

      COMPUTER.                                                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE FORMAT OF THE CHARACTER FILE IS,                               Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      RECORD   COLUMNS   FORMAT   DESCRIPTION                            Groupie

         1       1-72     18A4    LIBRARY DESCRIPTION (AS READ)          Groupie

         2       1-11      I11    MATERIAL ZA                            Groupie

                12-22      I11    NUMBER GROUPS                          Groupie

                23-33      I11    NUMBER OF BANDS                        Groupie

                34-44     D11.4   TEMPERATURE (KELVIN)                   Groupie

                45-55    1X,10A1  HOLLERITH DESCRIPTION OF ZA            Groupie

         3       1-11     D11.4   ENERGY (EV) - GROUP BOUNDARY.          Groupie

                12-22     D11.4   TOTAL      (FIRST BAND)                Groupie

                23-33     D11.4   ELASTIC                                Groupie

                34-44     D11.4   CAPTURE                                Groupie

                35-55     D11.4   FISSION                                Groupie

         4       1-11     -----   BLANK                                  Groupie

                12-22     D11.4   TOTAL      (SECOND BAND)               Groupie

                23-33     D11.4   ELASTIC                                Groupie

                34-44     D11.4   CAPTURE                                Groupie

                35-55     D11.4   FISSION                                Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      LINES 3 AND 4 ARE REPEATED FOR EACH GROUP. THE LAST LINE FOR EACH  Groupie

      MATERIAL (ZA) IS,                                                  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

         N       1-11     D11.4   ENERGY (EV) - UPPER ENERGY LIMIT OF    Groupie

                                                LAST GROUP.              Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      FOR EXAMPLE, A 175 GROUP, 2 BAND FILE, FOR EACH MATERIAL WILL      Groupie

      CONTAIN 352 LINES = 1 HEADER LINE, 175 * 2 LINES OF PARAMETERS,    Groupie

                          AND 1 FINAL LINE WITH THE UPPER ENERGY LIMIT   Groupie

                          OF THE LAST GROUP.                             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      INPUT FILES                                                        Groupie

      -----------                                                        Groupie

      UNIT  DESCRIPTION                                                  Groupie

      ----  -----------                                                  Groupie

        2   INPUT DATA (BCD - 80 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                      Groupie

       10   ORIGINAL ENDF/B DATA (BCD - 80 CHARACTERS/RECORD)            Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      OUTPUT FILES                                                       Groupie

      ------------                                                       Groupie

      UNIT  DESCRIPTION                                                  Groupie

      ----  -----------                                                  Groupie

       31   MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS CHARACTER FILE - OPTIONAL              Groupie

            (BCD - 80 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                                 Groupie

       32   SELF-SHIELDED CROSS SECTION LISTING - OPTIONAL               Groupie

            (BCD - 120 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                                Groupie

       33   MULTI-BAND PARAMETER LISTING - OPTIONAL                      Groupie

            (BCD - 120 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                                Groupie

       34   UNSHIELDED CROSS SECTION LISTING - OPTION                    Groupie

            (BCD - 120 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                                Groupie

        3   OUTPUT REPORT (BCD - 80 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                   Groupie

       11   MULTI-GROUP ENDF/B DATA - OPTIONAL                           Groupie

            (BCD - 80 CHARACTERS/RECORD)                                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      SCRATCH FILES                                                      Groupie

      -------------                                                      Groupie

      UNIT  FILENAME  DESCRIPTION                                        Groupie

      ----  --------  -----------                                        Groupie

        8   ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM                          Groupie

            (BINARY - 40080 WORDS/BLOCK)                                 Groupie

        9   TOTAL CROSS SECTION                                          Groupie

            (BINARY - 40080 WORDS/BLOCK)                                 Groupie

       12   ELASTIC CROSS SECTION - ONLY FOR SELF-SHIELDING CALCULATION  Groupie

            (BINARY - 40080 WORDS/BLOCK)                                 Groupie

       13   CAPTURE CROSS SECTION - ONLY FOR SELF-SHIELDING CALCULATION  Groupie

            (BINARY - 40080 WORDS/BLOCK)                                 Groupie

       14   FISSION CROSS SECTION - ONLY FOR SELF-SHIELDING CALCULATION  Groupie

            (BINARY - 40080 WORDS/BLOCK)                                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      OPTIONAL STANDARD FILE NAMES (SEE SUBROUTINES FILIO1 AND FILIO2)   Groupie

      ----------------------------------------------------------------   Groupie

      UNIT  FILE NAME                                                    Groupie

      ----  ----------                                                   Groupie

        2   GROUPIE.INP                                                  Groupie

        3   GROUPIE.LST                                                  Groupie

        8   (SCRATCH)                                                    Groupie

        9   (SCRATCH)                                                    Groupie

       10   ENDFB.IN                                                     Groupie

       11   ENDFB.OUT                                                    Groupie

       12   (SCRATCH)                                                    Groupie

       13   (SCRATCH)                                                    Groupie

       14   (SCRATCH)                                                    Groupie

       31   MULTBAND.TAB                                                 Groupie

       32   SHIELD.LST                                                   Groupie

       33   MULTBAND.LST                                                 Groupie

       34   UNSHIELD.LST                                                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

       I/O UNITS USED                                                    Groupie

       --------------                                                    Groupie

       UNITS 2, 3 8, 9 AND 10 WILL ALWAYS BE USED.                       Groupie

       UNITS 31 THROUGH 34 AND 11 ARE OPTIONALLY USED DEPENDING ON THE   Groupie

       OUTPUT REQUESTED.                                                 Groupie

       UNITS 12, 13 AND 14 WILL ONLY BE USED IF SELF-SHIELDED OR         Groupie

       MULTIBAND OUTPUT IS REQUESTED.                                    Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      INPUT CARDS                                                        Groupie

      -----------                                                        Groupie

      CARD  COLS.  FORMAT  DESCRIPTION                                   Groupie

      ----  -----  ------  -----------                                   Groupie

        1    1-11    I11   SELECTION CRITERIA (0=MAT, 1=ZA)              Groupie

        1   12-22    I11   NUMBER OF GROUPS.                             Groupie

                           =.GT.0 - ARBITRARY GROUP BOUNDARIES ARE READ  Groupie

                                    FROM INPUT FILE (N GROUPS REQUIRE    Groupie

                                    N+1 GROUP BOUNDARIES). CURRENT       Groupie

                                    PROGRAM MAXIMUM IS 1000 GROUPS.      Groupie

                                    BUILT-IN OPTIONS INCLUDE....         Groupie

                           =  0   - TART    175 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -1   - ORNL     50 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -2   - ORNL    126 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -3   - ORNL    171 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -4   - SAND-II 620 (665) GROUPS TO 18 MEV   Groupie

                           = -5   - SAND-II 640 (685) GROUPS TO 20 MEV   Groupie

                           = -6   - WIMS     69 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -7   - GAM-I    68 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -8   - GAM-II   99 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           = -9   - MUFT     54 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           =-10   - ABBN     28 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           =-11   - TART    650 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           =-12   - TART    700 GROUPS                   Groupie

                           =-13   - SAND-II 665 GROUPS TO 18 MEV         Groupie

                           =-14   - SAND-II 685 GROUPS TO 20 MEV         Groupie

        1   23-33    I11   MULTI-BAND SELECTOR                           Groupie

                           =  0 - NO MULTI-BAND CALCULATIONS             Groupie

                           =  1 - 2 BAND. CONSERVE AV(TOT), AV(1/TOT)    Groupie

                                  AND AV(1/TOT**2)                       Groupie

                           =  2 - 2 BAND. CONSERVE AV(TOT), AV(1/TOT)    Groupie

                                  AND AV(1/(TOT+SIGMA0)) WHERE           Groupie

                                  SIGMA0 = AV(TOT) IN EACH GROUP         Groupie

                           = 3-5- MULTI-BAND FIT. CONSERVE AV(TOT) AND   Groupie

                                  MINIMIZE FRACTIONAL ERROR FOR ENTIRE   Groupie

                                  SELF-SHIELDING CURVE (SIGMA0 = 0 TO    Groupie

                                  INFINITY)                              Groupie

                           IF THE SELECTOR IS POSITIVE (1 TO 5) THE      Groupie

                           MINIMUM NUMBER OF BANDS WILL BE OUTPUT FOR    Groupie

                           EACH ISOTOPE INDEPENDENTLY. IF THE SELECTOR   Groupie

                           IS NEGATIVE (-1 TO -5) THE SAME NUMBER OF     Groupie

                           BANDS (ABS(SELECTOR)) WILL BE OUTPUT FOR      Groupie

                           ALL ISOTOPES.                                 Groupie

        1   34-44    I11   NUMBER OF POINTS USED TO DESCRIBE ENERGY      Groupie

                           DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM S(E).            Groupie

                           = -2    - MAXWELLIAN - UP TO 0.1 EV           Groupie

                                     1/E        - 0.1 EV TO 67 KEV       Groupie

                                     FISSION    - ABOVE 67 KEV           Groupie

                           = -1    - 1/E                                 Groupie

                           = 0 OR 1- ENERGY INDEPENDENT (SO CALLED FLAT  Groupie

                                     WEIGHTING SPECTRUM).                Groupie

                           = .GT.1 - READ THIS MANY POINTS FROM INPUT    Groupie

                                     TO DESCRIBE WEIGHTING SPECTRUM.     Groupie

                                     NO LIMIT TO THE NUMBER OF POINTS    Groupie

                                     USED TO DESCRIBE WEIGHTING.         Groupie

        1   45-55   D11.4  MULTI-BAND CONVERGENCE CRITERIA.              Groupie

                           ONLY USED FOR 3 OR MORE BANDS. THE NUMBER OF  Groupie

                           BANDS IN EACH GROUPS IS SELECTED TO INSURE    Groupie

                           THAT THE ENTIRE SELF-SHIELDING CURVE CAN BE   Groupie

                           REPRODUCED TO WITHIN THIS FRACTIONAL ERROR.   Groupie

                           = .LT. 0.0001 - USE STANDARD 0.001            Groupie

                                           (0.1 PER-CENT)                Groupie

                           = .GE. 0.0001 - USE AS CONVERGENCE CRITERIA   Groupie

        1   56-66    I11   SIGMA-0 DEFINITION SELECTOR.                  Groupie

                           < 0 - 21 VALUES OF SIGMA0 ARE READ INPUT AND  Groupie

                                 INTERPRETED AS FIXED VALUES = SAME AS   Groupie

                                 = 1 DESCRIPTION BELOW                   Groupie

                                 INPUT VALUES MUST ALL BE,               Groupie

                                 1) GREATER THAN 0                       Groupie

                                 2) IN DESCENDING VALUE ORDER            Groupie

                           = 0 - SIGMA-0 WILL BE DEFINED AS A MULTIPLE   Groupie

                                 OF THE UNSHIELDED TOTAL CROSS SECTION   Groupie

                                 IN EACH GROUP (VALUES OF 1/1024 TO      Groupie

                                 1024 IN STEPS OF A FACTOR OF 2 WILL     Groupie

                                 BE USED AS THE MULTIPLIER).             Groupie

                           = 1 - SIGMA-0 WILL BE DEFINED AS THE SAME     Groupie

                                 NUMBER OF BARNS IN EACH GROUP (VALUES   Groupie

                                 40000 TO 0.4 BARNS WILL BE USED. WITHIN Groupie

                                 EACH DECADE VALUES OF 10, 7, 4, 2, 1    Groupie

                                 BARNS WILL BE USED).                    Groupie

      2-4    1-66 6D11.4   IF SIGMA-0 DEFINITION SELECTOR < 0, THE NEXT  Groupie

                           4 LINES OF INPUT ARE THE 22 VALUES OF SIGMA0, Groupie

                           6 PER LINE.                                   Groupie

        2    1-60    A60   ENDF/B INPUT DATA FILENAME                    Groupie

                           (STANDARD OPTION = ENDFB.IN)                  Groupie

        3    1-60    A60   ENDF/B OUTPUT DATA FILENAME                   Groupie

                           (STANDARD OPTION = ENDFB.OUT)                 Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE FOURTH INPUT CARD IS USED TO SELECT ALL DESIRED OUTPUT MODES.  Groupie

      EACH OUTPUT DEVICE MAY BE TURNED OFF (0) OR ON (1). THEREFORE      Groupie

      THEREFORE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING INPUT PARAMETERS MAY BE EITHER     Groupie

      ZERO TO INDICATE NO OUTPUT OR NON-ZERO TO INDICATE OUTPUT.         Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

        4     1-11   I11   SELF-SHIELDED CROSS SECTION LISTING           Groupie

                           = 1 - CROSS SECTIONS                          Groupie

                           = 2 - RESONANCE INTEGRALS                     Groupie

        4    12-22   I11   MULTI-BAND PARAMETER LISTING                  Groupie

        4    23-33   I11   MULTI-BAND PARAMETERS COMPUTER READABLE       Groupie

        4    34-44   I11   UNSHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS IN ENDF/B FORMAT    Groupie

                           = 1 - HISTOGRAM FORMAT (INTERPOLATION LAW 1)  Groupie

                           = 2 - LINEAR-LINEAR (INTERPOLATION LAW 2)     Groupie

        4    45-55   I11   UNSHIELDED CROSS SECTIONS LISTING             Groupie

                           = 1 - CROSS SECTIONS                          Groupie

                           = 2 - RESONANCE INTEGRALS                     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

        5     1-80   18A4  LIBRARY IDENTIFICATION. ANY TEXT THAT THE     Groupie

                           USER WISHES TO IDENTIFY THE MULTI-BAND        Groupie

                           PARAMETERS. THIS LIBRARY IDENTIFICATION IS    Groupie

                           WRITTEN INTO THE COMPUTER READABLE MULTI-BAND Groupie

                           DATA FILE.                                    Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

       6-N    1- 6    I6   LOWER MAT OR ZA LIMIT                         Groupie

              7- 8    I2   LOWER MF LIMIT                                Groupie

              9-11    I3   LOWER MT LIMIT                                Groupie

             12-17   I11   UPPER MAT OR ZA LIMIT                         Groupie

             18-19    I2   UPPER MF LIMIT                                Groupie

             20-22    I3   UPPER MT LIMIT                                Groupie

                           UP TO 100 RANGES MAY BE SPECIFIED, ONE RANGE  Groupie

                           PER LINE. THE LIST OF RANGES IS TERMINATED    Groupie

                           BY A BLANK CARD. IF THE UPPER MAT OR ZA       Groupie

                           LIMIT IS LESS THAN THE LOWER LIMIT THE UPPER  Groupie

                           IS SET EQUAL TO THE LOWER LIMIT. IF THE UPPER Groupie

                           MF OR MT LIMIT IS ZERO IT WILL BE SET EQUAL   Groupie

                           TO ITS MAXIMUM VALUE, 99 OR 999, RESPECTIVELY Groupie

                           IF THE FIRST REQUEST LINE IS BLANK IT WILL    Groupie

                           TERMINATE THE LIST OF REQUESTS AND CAUSE ALL  Groupie

                           DATA TO BE RETRIEVED (SEE EXAMPLE INPUT).     Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

       VARY   1-66  6D11.4 ENERGY GROUP BOUNDARIES. ONLY REQUIRED IF     Groupie

                           THE NUMBER OF GROUPS INDICATED ON THE FIRST   Groupie

                           INPUT CARD IS POSITIVE. ALL ENERGIES MUST     Groupie

                           BE IN ASCENDING ENERGY IN EV. THE PRESENT     Groupie

                           LIMITS ARE 1 TO 1000 GROUPS. FOR N GROUPS     Groupie

                           N+1 BOUNDARIES WILL BE READ FROM THE          Groupie

                           INPUT FILE, E.G. IF THE FIRST INPUT CARD      Groupie

                           INDICATES 20 GROUPS, 21 ENERGY BOUNDARIES     Groupie

                           WILL BE READ FROM THE INPUT FILE.             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

       VARY   1-66  6D11.4 ENERGY DEPENDENT WEIGHTING SPECTRUM. ONLY     Groupie

                           REQUIRED IF THE NUMBER OF POINTS INDICATED    Groupie

                           ON FIRST CARD IS MORE THAN ONE. DATA IS       Groupie

                           GIVEN IN (ENERGY, WEIGHT) PAIRS, UP TO 3      Groupie

                           PAIRS PER CARD, USING ANY NUMBER OF CARDS     Groupie

                           REQUIRED. ENERGIES MUST BE IN ASCENDING       Groupie

                           ORDER IN EV. THE SPECTRUM VALUES MUST BE      Groupie

                           NON-NEGATIVE. THE ENERGY RANGE OF SPECTRUM    Groupie

                           MUST AT LEAST SPAN THE ENERGY RANGE OF THE    Groupie

                           ENERGY GROUPS. SINCE SPECTRUM IS STORED IN    Groupie

                           PAGING SYSTEM THERE IS NO LIMIT TO NUMBER     Groupie

                           OF POINTS THAT CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THE    Groupie

                           WEIGHTING SPECTRUM.                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      EXAMPLE INPUT NO. 1                                                Groupie

      -------------------                                                Groupie

      REQUEST DATA BY MAT AND PROCESS ALL DATA (ALL MAT BETWEEN 1 AND    Groupie

      9999). USE THE TART 175 GROUP STRUCTURE, GENERATE 2 BAND           Groupie

      PARAMETERS (THE FOR ALL ISOTOPES) TO 0.1 PER-CENT ACCURACY         Groupie

      IN THE SELF-SHIELDING CURVE. OUTPUT ALL  LISTING, COMPUTER         Groupie

      READABLE AND ENDF/B FORMAT GROUP AVERAGES.                         Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      EXPLICITLY SPECIFY THE STANDARD FILENAMES.                         Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE FOLLOWING 7 INPUT LINES ARE REQUIRED.                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

           0          0         -2          0 1.00000-03          0      Groupie

  ENDFB.IN                                                               Groupie

  ENDFB.OUT                                                              Groupie

           1          1          1          1          1                 Groupie

  TART 175 GROUP, 2 BAND LIBRARY TO 0.1 PER-CENT ACCURACY                Groupie

      1 1  1  9999 0  0                                                  Groupie

                        (BLANK CARD TERMINATES REQUEST LIST)             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      EXAMPLE INPUT NO. 2                                                Groupie

      -------------------                                                Groupie

      THE SAME EXAMPLE 1, AS ABOVE, ONLY THE ENDF/B DATA WILL BE READ    Groupie

      FROM \ENDFB6\SIGMA1\K300\ZA092238 (U-238 AT 300 KELVIN) AND        Groupie

      WRITTEN TO \ENDFB6\GROUPIE\K300\ZA092238                           Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE FOLLOWING 7 INPUT LINES ARE REQUIRED.                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

           0          0         -2          0 1.00000-03          0      Groupie

  \ENDFB6\SIGMA1\K300\ZA092238                                           Groupie

  \ENDFB6\GROUPIE\K300\ZA092238                                          Groupie

           1          1          1          1          1                 Groupie

  TART 175 GROUP, 2 BAND LIBRARY TO 0.1 PER-CENT ACCURACY                Groupie

      1 1  1  9999 0  0                                                  Groupie

                        (BLANK CARD TERMINATES REQUEST LIST)             Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      EXAMPLE INPUT NO. 3                                                Groupie

      -------------------                                                Groupie

      PROCESS ALL DATA. USE 1/V WEIGHTING IN ORDER TO CALCULATE          Groupie

      UNSHIELDED ONE GROUP CROSS SECTIONS OVER THE ENERGY RANGE 0.5 EV   Groupie

      TO 1 MEV (NOTE THAT THE RESULTS ARE SIMPLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE     Groupie

      RESONANCE INTEGRAL FOR EACH REACTION). OUTPUT UNSHIELDED LISTING.  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      LEAVE THE DEFINITION OF THE FILENAMES BLANK - THE PROGRAM WILL     Groupie

      THEN USE STANDARD FILENAMES.                                       Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

      THE FOLLOWING 7 INPUT CARDS ARE REQUIRED.                          Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

           0          0          1         -1                     0      Groupie

                        (USE STANDARD FILENAME = ENDFB.IN)               Groupie

                        (USE STANDARD FILENAME = ENDFB.OUT)              Groupie

           0          0          0          0          1                 Groupie

  RESONANCE INTEGRAL CALCULATION (FROM 0.5 EV TO 1 MEV)                  Groupie

                        (RETRIEVE ALL DATA, TERMINATE REQUEST LIST)      Groupie

  5.00000-01 1.00000+06                                                  Groupie

                                                                         Groupie

 ======================================================================= Groupie